Mechanical Processes

Mechanical Processes

 The composition of mechanical machining process of the basic unit is a process. Process and is formed by mounting, station,cnc machining parts  working steps and take the knife.

 The process is a group of workers, in a work of the same or simultaneously on several workpieces are completed for that part of the process. Process is the formulation of labor quota, with workers and machine tool equipment, arranging operation plan and quality testing of the basic unit.

  The installation is a workpiece by a fixture after the completion of the procedures. The application of switch ( or displacement) when processing machine tool ( or fixture ) processing, in a fixture, cnc machining parts the workpiece ( or cutter ) relative to the machine tool passes through several locations in order processing, in each position is done on that part of the process, called station.

  The multi-station processing can reduce the times of clamping, reduce the mounting error, improve productivity. 

 The step is processing the surface in the cutting tool and the cutting parameters ( only refers to the spindle speed and feed rate ) are the same circumstances completed part of the process. 

  Machining Process Definition

  Products or components manufacturing process and operation methods of the process, called process,cnc machining parts  it is the enterprise in the production of technical guidance document.

The Status of Machinery Industry and Development Trend

The Status of Machinery Industry and Development Trend

  With the development of society, all kinds of machinery and gradually applied to the various industry, Cnc machining whether in the agricultural, military, industrial, mechanical operation, leaving no efficiency, therefore, in some sense, the strength of a country's economy, social status, and the development of machinery industry is close separable.  

 The industrialized countries economic development course indicated that, without a strong equipment manufacturing industry, Cnc machining is impossible to achieve national economy industrialization, modernization and information . At present, the equipment manufacturing industry development lag is restricting China's economic development and industrial upgrading of the important factors, increase structural adjustment strength, promote mechanical industry lasts, healthy, steady development, to change the mode of economic growth, improve quality of national economy whole, enhance the international competitiveness of the economy, security and national defense security has important and far-reaching meaning of。

 Machining Process Definition 

 The machining process is the use of mechanical processing method of change in rough shape, size, the relative position and the nature, make its become finished or semi-finished products of the whole process. Cnc machiningMachining process directly determines the parts and the quality and performance of products, product cost, production period has great influence, is an important part of the whole process.

Mechanical Processing Historical Background and Its Significance

Mechanical Processing Historical Background and Its  Significance

  Machinery manufacturing industry is an old and eternal industry full of vitality. Cnc machining With the development of modern industry, the mechanical product of the increasingly high demand, machinery manufacturing technology are developing rapidly.Since the founding of new China, our country's manufacturing technology and manufacturing industry to obtain the considerable development, a considerable size and technical basis of mechanical industry system is formed basically. Years of reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry to make full use of domestic and foreign two aspects of technological resources, there are plans to promote the technical  transformation of enterprises, guide enterprises to take the road to rely on progress of science and technology, manufacturing technology, product quality and level and the economic benefit produced marked change, in order to promote the development of the national economy has made great contribution. 

 Although our country Cnc machining manufacturing industry comprehensive technical level has been greatly improved, but compared with developed country, still have level sex difference. Enter the twenty-first Century, the economic development of our country 's leading industry still is the manufacturing industry, especially after our country joins WTO, the world's manufacturing center is developed from migration to Asia, China has cheap labor and the general consumer market, accordingly, industry of our country wants to develop, need to have appropriate technology and equipment support.   

 Machinery industry is the equipment industry of national economy; it is content of science and technology of foundation; is new and high technology industrialization; is the basis of national defense building; is to achieve rapid economic growth of the important pillar; is to improve people's living quality, provide consumer electricalproducts supply industry. Cnc machining It runs to national economy, the quality and efficiency of industrial structure adjustment and optimization is a very important role.

RESURGENCE IN THE 1990s.

RESURGENCE IN THE 1990s.

  After staging a strong recovery in the late 1980s, the industry faced another setback during the recession of the early 1990s. Cnc machining Orders stagnated in 1990 at $510 million based on 5,000 units industry-wide, and slumped to 4,000 units at $410 million the following year. However, following the general economic recovery, business picked back up in 1992, and by 1993 the  industry received record orders for some 6,800 robots valued at $630 million. Solid orders and shipments continued throughout the remainder of the 1990s, often at double-digit growth rates, and surpassed in 1997 the billion-dollar mark for the first time. That year, companies ordered 12,149 robots worth $1.1 billion. Though orders slowed slightly in 1998, they remained strong into 1999. As of 1999, more than 92,000 robots were in operation in U.S. industrial settings. 

 A corollary to the industry's robust economic performance in the 1990s was that the industry was now building and marketing its products differently.

 Whereas earlier robots were ambitiously designed to take on giant tasks, but couldn't necessarily do so with great precision and reliability, designers  increasingly focused their robots on performing more manageable tasks with greater consistency. Cnc machining They also made robots easier to operate and maintain. As reliability and ease of use were—and are—some of the biggest concerns companies have about robots, this helped fuel demand and improved the robotics industry's image. Robot manufacturers were also more careful not to promise more than their devices could deliver, a common complaint lodged against them during the 1980s. 

 Lower prices also contributed to the sales surge. Whereas in 1984 the  average robot cost an estimated $82,758 (net value of orders divided by the number of units), by early 1999 the average had fallen to $76,669, not accounting for inflation. After inflation is factored in, the real reduction in prices was more than 40 percent over the 15-year period.   The robotics industry has also diversified its customer base. While  automotive-related manufacturing still accounted for about half of the U.S. market in 1999, inroads were being made in non-automotive materials handling, flexible manufacturing systems, and service-oriented uses. Some of the other major industry sectors purchasing robots include electronics manufacturing, food and beverage production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the aerospace industry. 

  Some of the largest robotics companies operating in the United States include ABB Flexible Automation, Adept Technology, Inc., and Fanuc Robotics. As of the late 1990s, Adept Technology was the only major U.S.-based manufacturer, while ABB was part of a Swiss-based  conglomerate and Fanuc, Cnc machining the world's largest robotics company, was based in Japan. Fanuc also had a U.S. joint venture with General Electric called GE Fanuc Automation North America。

THE ROBOTICS INDUSTRY

THE ROBOTICS INDUSTRY 

EARLY DEVELOPMENT. 

 The first industrial robot was developed in the mid-1950s by Joseph Engelberger (1925), who has been referred to as the father of industrial  robots. Engelberger also founded Unimation, Inc.,  Cnc machining  which became the largest producer of industrial robots in the United States.

  His early research involved touring Ford, Chrysler Corp., General Motors, and 20 other production plants. Engelberger observed that men performed the higher-paying jobs in which they lifted heavy objects with two hands simultaneously, while women performed tasks in which they used their hands asynchronously. Economic and technical considerations thus led  Engelberger to focus on the development of a one-armed robot. Engelberger developed his first prototype in 1956, the design of which is very similar to Unimation robots produced decades later. 

 General Motors purchased a test model in 1959, though by 1964, Unimation had sold only 30 robots. It was not until the late 1960s that sales increased strongly and not until 1975 that the firm turned a profit. Cnc machining Together with number-two producer Cincinnati Milacron, Unimation accounted for 75 percent of the U.S. robotics market in 1980. Unimation Inc. became a wholly owned subsidiary of Westinghouse in 1982. By 1983, the firm had sales of $43 million.   

TEPID DEMAND AND CYCLICAL SALES. 

 Generally, there was much greater reluctance to adopt the use of robots in the United States than in places like Japan, which led the world in robot production and use. Among other apprehensions, U.S. companies balked at the heavy investments required and were sensitive to opposition from organized labor. Other times, when robots were ordered, they failed to deliver what manufacturers anticipated, due to unrealistic expectations of flawless operations and dramatic labor savings—ignoring the heavy maintenance robots required—and to the limitations of the machines themselves.  

While the early 1980s saw promising growth, yielding some predictions that robotics would be a multibillion-dollar business by 1990, the U.S. robotics industry suffered a severe setback in the mid-1980s, largely the result of declining orders from the automobile industry. At the time, the auto industry still supplied over 70 percent of all U.S. robot orders.Cnc machining  This resulted in a number of firms leaving the industry, including deep pocketed players such as General Electric and Westinghouse, and left many of the remaining firms to merge or be acquired. The value of new orders fell from their 1984 high of $480 million for 5,800 units to a 1987 low of just 3,800 units worth $300 million.

ROBOTS MAJOR USES

ROBOTS  MAJOR USES  

 Industrial robots perform both spot and electric arc welding. Cnc machining Welding guns are heavy and the speed of assembly lines requires precise movement, thus creating an ideal niche for robotics. Parts can be welded either through the movement of the robot or by keeping the robot relatively stationary and moving the part. The latter method has come into widespread use as it requires less expensive conveyors. The control system of the robot must synchronize the robot with the speed of the assembly line and with other robots working on the line. Control systems may also count the number of welds completed and derive productivity data.  

 Industrial robots also perform what are referred to as pick and place operations. Cnc machining Among the most common of these operations is loading and unloading pallets, used across a broad range of industries. This requires  relatively complex programming, as the robot must sense how full a pallet is and adjust its placements or removals accordingly. Robots have been vital in pick and place operations in the casting of metals and plastics. In the die casting of metals, for instance, productivity using the same die-casting  machinery has increased up to three times, the result of robots' greater speed, strength, and ability to withstand heat in parts removal operations. In 1992, CBW Automation Inc. of Colorado announced the development of the world's fastest parts-removal robot for plastics molding. Their robot moves through a four-foot stroke in under one-fifth of a second.

 Assembly is one of the most demanding operations for industrial robots. A number of conditions must be met for robotic assembly to be viable, among them that the overall production system be highly coordinated and that the product be designed with robotic assembly in mind. The sophistication of the control system required implies a large initial capital outlay, which  generally requires production of 100,000 to 1,000,000 units per year in order to be profitable. Robotic assembly has come to be used for production of printed circuit boards, electronic components and equipment, household appliances, and automotive subassemblies. As of 1985, assembly made up just over ten percent of all robotic applications.

 Industrial robots are widely used in spray finishing operations, particularly in the automobile industry. One of the reasons these operations are  cost-effective is that they minimize the need for environmental control to protect workers from fumes. Most robots are not precise enough to supplant machine tools in operations such as cutting and grinding. Robots are used, however, in machining operations such as the removal of metal burrs or template-guided drilling. Robots are also used for quality control inspection, to determine tightness of fit between two parts, for example. Cnc machining The use of robots in nonindustrial applications such as the cleaning of contaminated sites and the handling and analysis of hazardous materials represent important growth markets for robotics producers.

Renoho Precision Machinery Technology Co.,Ltd: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS

Renoho Precision Machinery Technology Co.,Ltd: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS: DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS   In a number of respects, robots are like numerically controlled automated machine tools, wire cutting, d...

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS 

 In a number of respects, robots are like numerically controlled automated machine tools,wire cutting, die casting, etc. Cnc machining  such as an automated lathe, since they are both reprogrammable to produce a number of different objects. What distinguishes robots is their flexibility regarding both range of tasks and motion. In one typical manufacturing application, robots move parts in their various stages of completion from one automated machine tool to the next,the system of robots and machine tools making up a flexible manufacturing workcell. Robots are classified as soft automata, whereas automated machine tools are classified as hard automata. The Japanese Industrial Robot Association also classifies manually operated manipulators and nonreprogrammable, single-function manipulators as robots, and one must bear this in mind when comparing data on robot use between Japan and the United States. 

  Since robots are defined by their capacity to move objects or tools through space, key issues in robotic control are location and movement, referred to in the industry as kinematics and dynamics. Cnc machining  The position of an object in a three-dimensional space can be defined relative to a fixed point with three parameters via the Cartesian coordinate system, indicating placement along x, y, and z axes. The orientation of an object requires three additional  parameters, indicating rotation on these axes. These parameters are referred to as degrees of freedom. Together these six parameters and the movement among them make up the data of kinematic control equations.

 Robots carrying out simpler tasks may operate with fewer than six degrees of  freedom, but robots may also operate with more than six, which is referred to as redundancy. Redundancy gives a robot greater mobility, enabling it to more readily work around obstructions and to choose among a set of joint positions to reach a given target in less time. 

  Two types of joints are commonly used in robots, the prismatic or sliding joint, resembling a slide rule, and the re volute joint, a hinge. The simplest type of robot to control is one made up of three sliding joints, each determining placement along a Cartesian axis. Robots made solely of revolute joints are more complex to control, in that the relation of joint position to control parameters is less direct. Other robots use both types of joints. Among these, a common type uses a large sliding joint for vertical placement of an arm made of revolute joints. The vertical rigidity and horizontal flexibility of such robots make them ideal for heavy assembly work (this configuration is referred to as SCARA for Selectively Compliant Arm for Robot Assembly). Robots may also be made of a system of arms each with restricted movement (i.e., with relatively few degrees of freedom) but which together can perform complex tasks. These are referred to as distributed robots. Such robots have the advantage of high speed and precision, but the disadvantage of restricted range of movement.  

  Robots are activated by hydraulic, pneumatic, and electrical power. Electric motors have become increasingly small with high power-to-weight ratios, enabling them to become the dominant means by which robots are powered. The hand of a robot is referred to in the industry as an end effector. End effectors may be specialized tools, such as spot welders or spray guns, or more general-purpose grippers. Common grippers include fingered and vacuum types.  

 One of the central elements of robotics control technology involves sensors. It is through sensors that a robotic system receives knowledge of its environment, to which subsequent actions of the robot can be adjusted. Sensors are used to enable a robot to adjust to variations in the position of objects to be picked up, to inspect objects, and to monitor proper operation. Among the most important types are visual, force and torque, speed and acceleration, tactile, and distance sensors. The majority of industrial robots use simple binary sensing, analogous to an on/off switch. This does not permit sophisticated feedback to the robot about how successfully an  operation was performed. Lack of adequate feedback also often requires the use of guides and fixtures to constrain the motions of a robot through an operation, which implies substantial inflexibility in changing operations. 

 Robots may also be able to adjust to variations in object placement without the use of sensors. This is enabled by arm or end effector flexibility and is referred to as compliance. Robots with sensors may also make use of compliance. 

  Robots are programmed either by guiding or by off-line programming. Most industrial robots are programmed by the former method. This involves manually guiding a robot from point to point through the phases of an  operation, with each point stored in the robotic control system. With off-line programming, the points of an operation are defined through computer commands. This is referred to as manipulator level off-line programming. An important area of research is the development of off-line programming that makes use of higher-level languages, in which robotic actions are defined by tasks or objectives.  Cnc machining  Robots may be programmed to move through a specified continuous path instead of from point to point. Continuous path control is necessary for operations such as spray painting or arc welding a curved joint. 

 Programming also requires that a robot be synchronized with the automated machine tools or other robots with which it is working. Thus robot control systems are generally interfaced with a more centralized control system.