Precision parts processing Surface Hardening of Nitriding

Precision parts processing Surface Hardening of Nitriding

    Precision CNC machining parts  Nitriding is somewhat similar to ordinary case hardening, but it uses a different material and treatment to create the hard surface constituents.

In this process the metal is heated to a temperature of around 950℉(510℃) and held there for a period of time in contact with ammonia gas. Nitrogen from the gas  is introduced into the steel, forming very  hard nitrides that are finely dispersed through the surface metal.

   Precision CNC machining parts Nitrogen has greater hardening ability with certain elements than with others, hence, special nitriding alloy steels have been developed.

Aluminum in the range of 1% to 1.5% has proved to be especially suitable in steel, in that it combines with the gas to form a very stable and hard constituent. The temperature of heating ranges from 925℉ to 1,050℉(495℃~565℃).

   Liquid nitriding utilizes molten cyanide salts  and, as in gas nitriding, the temperature is held below the transformation range. Liquid nitriding adds more nitrogen and less carbon than either cyaniding or carburizing in cyanide baths.

Case thickness of 0.001 to 0.012in.(0.03~0.30mm) is obtained, whereas for gas nitriding the case may be  as thick as 0.025 in.(0.64mm). In general the uses of the two-nitriding processes are similar.

   Nitriding develops extreme hardness in the surface of steel. This hardness ranges from 900 to 1,100 Brinell, which is considerably higher than that obtained by ordinary case hardening.

Nitriding steels, by virtue of their alloying content, are stronger than ordinary steels and respond readily to heat treatment. It is  recommended that these steels be machined and heat-treated before nitriding, because there is no scale or further work necessary after this process.

Fortunately, the interior structure and properties are not affected appreciably by the nitriding treatment and, because no quenching is necessary, there is little tendency to  warp, develop cracks, or change condition in any way. 

Precision CNC machining parts  The surface effectively resists corrosive action of water, saltwater spray, alkalies, crude oil, and natural gas.

   

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Renohopmt share with you Automatic Fixture Design

Renohopmt share with you Automatic Fixture Design 

China precision machining Traditional synchronous grippers for assembly equipment move parts to the gripper centre-line, assuring that the parts will be in a known position after they arc picked from a conveyor or nest. However, in some applications, forcing the part to the centre-line may damage cither the part or equipment. When the part is delicate and a small collision can result in scrap, when its location is fixed by a machine spindle or mould, or when tolerances are tight, it is preferable to make a gripper comply with the position of the part, rather than the other way around. For these tasks, Zaytran Inc. Of Elyria, Ohio, has created the GPN series of non- synchronous, compliant grippers. Because the force and synchronizations systems of the grippers are independent, the synchronization system can be replaced by a precision slide system without affecting gripper force. Gripper sizes range from 51b gripping force and 0.2 in. stroke to 40Glb gripping force and 6in stroke.

 China precision machining Grippers Production is characterized by batch-size becoming smaller and smaller and greater variety of products. Assembly, being the last production step, is particularly vulnerable to changes in schedules, batch-sizes, and product design. This situation is forcing many companies to put more effort into extensive rationalization and automation of assembly that  was  previouslyextensive rationalization and automation of assembly that was previously the case. Although the development of flexible fixtures fell quickly behind the development of flexible handling systems such as industrial robots, there are, nonetheless promising attempts to increase the flexibility of fixtures. The fact that fixtures are the essential product - specific investment of a production system intensifies the economic necessity to make the fixture system more flexible. 

   China precision machining Fixtures can be divided according to their flexibility into special fixtures, group fixtures, modular fixtures and highly flexible fixtures. Flexible fixtures are characterized by their high adaptability to different workpieces, and by low change-over time and expenditure.  

    There are several steps required to generate a fixture, in which a workpiece is fixed for a production task. The first step is to define the necessary position of the workpiece in the fixture, based on the unmachined or base pan, and the working features. Following this, a combination of stability planes must be selected. These stability planes constitute the fixture configuration in which the workpiece is fixed in the defined position, all the forces or torques are compensated,

and the necessary access to the working features is ensured. Finally, the necessary positions of moveable or modular fixture elements must be calculated- adjusted, or assembled, so that the workpiece is firmly fixed in the fixture. Through such a procedure the planning and documentation of the configuration and assembly of fixture can be automated. 

    The configuration task is to generate a combination of stability planes, such that fixture forces in these planes will result in workpiece and fixture stability. This task can be accomplished conventionally, interactively or in a nearly fully automated manner. The advantages of an interactive or automated configuration determination are a systematic fixture design process, a reduction of necessary designers, a shortening of lead time and better match to the working conditions. In short, a significant enhancement of fixture productivity and economy can be achieved China precision machining.

Precision parts processing Surface Hardening of Nitriding

Precision parts processing Surface Hardening of Nitriding

    Precision CNC machining parts Nitriding is somewhat similar to ordinary case hardening, but it uses a different material and treatment to create the hard surface constituents.

In this process the metal is heated to a temperature of around 950℉(510℃) and held there for a period of time in contact with ammonia gas. Nitrogen from the gas  is introduced into the steel, forming very  hard nitrides that are finely dispersed through the surface metal.

   Nitrogen has greater hardening ability with certain elements than with others, hence, special nitriding alloy steels have been developed.

  Precision CNC machining parts Aluminum in the range of 1% to 1.5% has proved to be especially suitable in steel, in that it combines with the gas to form a very stable and hard constituent. The temperature of heating ranges from 925℉ to 1,050℉(495℃~565℃).

   Liquid nitriding utilizes molten cyanide salts  and, as in gas nitriding, the temperature is held below the transformation range. Liquid nitriding adds more nitrogen and less carbon than either cyaniding or carburizing in cyanide baths.

Case thickness of 0.001 to 0.012in.(0.03~0.30mm) is obtained, whereas for gas nitriding the case may be  as thick as 0.025 in.(0.64mm). In general the uses of the two-nitriding processes are similar.

   Nitriding develops extreme hardness in the surface of steel. This hardness ranges from 900 to 1,100 Brinell, which is considerably higher than that obtained by ordinary case hardening.

Nitriding steels, by virtue of their alloying content, are stronger than ordinary steels and respond readily to heat treatment. It is  recommended that these steels be machined and heat-treated before nitriding, because there is no scale or further work necessary after this process.

 Precision CNC machining parts Fortunately, the interior structure and properties are not affected appreciably by the nitriding treatment and, because no quenching is necessary, there is little tendency to  warp, develop cracks, or change condition in any way. The surface effectively resists corrosive action of water, saltwater spray, alkalies, crude oil, and natural gas.

Types of Casting And manufacturing process

Types of  Casting  And manufacturing process

    Precision CNC machining parts Casting is a manufacturing process in which molten metal is poured or injected and allowed to solidify in a suitably  shaped mold cavity. During or after  cooling, the cast part is removed from the mold and then processed for delivery.

    Casting processes and cast-material technologies vary from simple to highly complex. Material and process selection  depends on the part’s complexity and function, the product’s quality specifications, and the projected cost  level.

     Castings are parts that are made close to their final dimensions by a casting process. With a history dating back 6,000  years, the various casting processes are  in a state of continuous refinement and evolution as technological advances are being made.

A:Sand Casting  

    Sand casting is used to make large parts (typically iron, but also bronze, brass, aluminum). Molten metal is poured into a mold cavity formed out of sand (natural or synthetic).

    The processes of sand casting are discussed in this section, including patterns, sprues and runners, design considerations, and casting allowance.

    The cavity in the sand is formed by using a pattern (an approximate duplicate of the real part), which are typically made out of wood, sometimes metal. The cavity is contained in an aggregate housed in a box called the flask.

    Core is a sand shape inserted into the mold to produce the internal features of the part such as holes or internal passages. Cores are placed in the cavity to form holes of the desired shapes. Core print is the region added to the pattern, core, or mold that is used to locate and support the core within the mold.

  Precision CNC machining parts  A riser is an extra void created in the mold to contain excessive molten material. The purpose of this is to feed the molten metal to the mold cavity as the molten metal solidifies and shrinks, and thereby  prevents voids in the main casting.

    In a two-part mold, which is typical of sand  castings, the upper half, including the top half of the pattern, flask, and core is called cope and  the lower half is called drag,  The parting line or the parting surface is line or surface that separates the cope and drag.

    The drag is first filled partially with sand, and the core  print, the cores, and the gating system are  placed near the parting line. The cope is then assembled to the drag, and the sand is poured on the cope half, covering the pattern, core and the gating system.

    The sand is compacted by vibration and mechanical means. Next, the cope is removed from the drag, and the pattern is carefully removed. The object is to remove the pattern without breaking the mold cavity.

    This is facilitated by designing a draft, a slight angular offset from the vertical to the vertical surfaces of the pattern. This is usually a minimum of 1.5mm(0.060in.), whichever is greater. The rougher the surface of the pattern, the more the draft to be provided.

    The molten material is poured into the pouring cup, which is part of the gating system that supplies the molten material to the mold cavity.

    Precision CNC machining partsThe vertical part of the gating system connected to the pouring cup is the sprue, and the horizontal portion is called the runners and finally to the multiple points where it is introduced to the mold cavity called the gates. 

    

    

    

cutting speed

cutting speed, precision metal parts feed rate is an important parameter in the CNC machine tool cutting parameters, mainly based on the machining accuracy and surface roughness and the tool, workpiece material properties, select the maximum feed rate, machine tool stiffness and feeding system performance limitations., near the corner of contouring feed rate should be appropriately reduced in order to overcome the inertia or process systems is caused by deformation in the contour around the corner "overtravel" or "under process" phenomenon. to determine the principles of the feed rate : When the workpiece quality requirements can be guaranteed, in order to improve production efficiency, can choose a higher feed rate generally selected in the range of 100 ~ 200mm/min. processing in high-speed steel cutting tools, cutting, machining deep hole or should choose a lower feed rate, generally 20 ~ 50mm/min select range of .3 when machining accuracy, surface roughness, the feed rate should be selected smaller, generally in the 20 ~ 50mm/min range within selected .4 tool air travel, especially long-distance back to zero, you can select the CNC system given the maximum feed rate.

  precision metal parts back to eat the knife amount (or side knife to eat the amount determined under the premise of ensuring the quality of the machined surface, the back of cut (ap) should be determined according to the stiffness of the machine tool, workpiece and tool under the conditions allowed by stiffness, should as much as possible so that the back of cut allowance equal to the workpiece, thus reducing the number of tool path, and increase productivity.

   precision metal partss machining centers with axial and neck power head, to achieve the linkage of the three coordinates. Polar coordinate interpolation instruction and cylindrical interpolation instruction program optimization and development, and the machining station repeated positioning error of the effective compensation, the initial fast and reliable precision milling on the side of the rotary to improve the machining accuracy and surface finish quality.

    

Types Of Commonly Used Tool Of The CNC Milling and Tool Type Selection

Types Of Commonly Used Tool Of The CNC Milling and Tool Type Selection

Precision CNC machining parts NC milling tool types, in order to adapt to high-speed, high efficiency and high degree of automation features of CNC machine tools, the tool is moving in the direction of standardization, universal and modular development, including the milling cutter and hole machining tool. meet the requirements of efficient and specific milling, developed for a variety of special purpose tool. There are many ways to the classification of the CNC milling tool tool structure can be divided into: (1) the overall style, ② mosaic, welding or machine clip connection, the clamp can be divided into translocation and indexable two ③ special type, such as composite tool, damping tool manufacturing tool materials can be divided into: (1) high-speed steel cutting tools, ② carbide cutting tools, (3) diamond tool, ④ other materials, cutting tools, such as cubic boron nitride cutting tools, ceramic cutting tools. from the cutting process can be divided into: flat end milling cutter, rounded end mills, ball end cutter and taper milling knives.

Machining Centers, Tool Type Selection

Precision CNC machining partsTool selection in CNC programming state of human-computer interaction should be based on the processing capacity of the machine tool, workpiece material properties, processing procedures, cutting parameters and other relevant factors, the correct selection of the tool and tool holder, tool selection The general principle is : easy to install, good rigidity, durability and high precision to meet the processing requirements under the premise, as we choose a shorter shank in order to improve the rigidity of tooling production, processing parts of the geometry is to select the tool type the main basis.

Precision CNC machining parts A milling cutter selection of machining curved parts, in order to ensure that cutting edge and contour is tangent to the cutting point, to avoid the blade and the workpiece contour interference, generally use the ball head knife, rough two-edged cutter, semi- finishing and finishing with four-blade cutter, milling the larger plane, generally use the blade inlaid disc cutter, milling flat or stepped surface in order to increase productivity and improve the surface roughness, generally universal cutter milling keyway, in order to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the slot, usually two-edged keyway cutter, posted on Free paper Download Center http://eng.hi138.com

2. hole machining tool selection. hole machining of CNC machine tools in general no drill mode, due to poor rigidity of the drill and cutting conditions, the selection of the drill diameter D should satisfy L / D ≤ 5 (L conditions for the drilling depth, the drill center drill before positioning to ensure the accuracy of the positioning of the hole processing, fine twist the choice of floating reamer reaming orifice want to chamfer, boring should try to use a symmetrical edge boring head, cutting, cut vibration to balance the boring; try to choose a thicker and shorter shank in order to reduce cutting vibration. economic type CNC machining, tool sharpening, measurement and replacement of more than manually, taking up the auxiliary long time, therefore, must be reasonable to arrange the order of the tool in general should follow the following principles: (1) to minimize tool quantity, ② a tool clamping to complete all processing site ③ rough finishing tool should be used separately, even if it is the same dimensions of the tool, ④ The first milling drill, ⑤ the first surface finished, two-dimensional contour finishing, (6) possible, as far as possible use of CNC machine tools, automatic tool changer, in order to improve production efficiency In addition, the durability and accuracy of the tool and the tool price relationships requires attention, in most cases, choose a good tool, although the increase in the cost of the tool, processing quality and the resulting efficiency can greatly reduce the overall processing costs. In short, according to heat treatment condition of the workpiece material, cutting performance, and allowance to choose good rigidity, high durability cutter is to give full play to the CNC milling machine production efficiency and access to the premise of a satisfactory quality of processing. 

   

On the application of precision milling technology in the processing center

On the application of precision milling technology in the processing center

Precision CNC machining parts  machinery manufacturing industry plays a very important position in the national economy as a whole, including metal cutting, basic and reliable precision machining means during the process of NC programming, tool selection and cutting the amount of very important, it is not only a huge effect on the quality of the parts to be processed, and can even determine the machine the efficacy of play and production safety is carried out smoothly in the preparation of the processing procedures, tool and cutting, the preparation of high-quality processing program premise.

Precision CNC machining parts  Machinery manufacturing industry plays a very important position in the national economy as a whole, precision metal cutting, basic and reliable means of processing, mechanical, electrical, electronic and other modern industrial sector plays an important role. Tools design, manufacture and use since ancient times is highly valued, here we are talking about tools, not only refers to the machine tool for machining, we are more concerned with the cutting tool. tool to promote the development of metal cutting technology. an extremely active and very critical factor, it can be said machining technology development, innovation, history is the history of tool development.

Precision CNC machining parts  introduced in 2008, the Little Giant company produced two milling machining center, but has not been able to truly part and universal CNC turning and milling machining center milling functions. Tool selection, machining path planning, cutting the amount of set programmers just set the parameters, you can automatically generate the NC program and transferred to the CNC machine tools to complete the processing, CNC machining, tool selection and cutting to determine the state of human-computer interaction, which is common machining stark contrast, it also requires the programmer must master the basic principles of tool selection and cutting to fully consider the characteristics of CNC machining, programming, study and master the CNC milling machining center, milling functions for complex shape, and accuracy require high precision machining of rotary part, to upgrade my unit of CNC precision machining capabilities, with a very important practical significance.

      

Dry processing

Dry processing

Precision CNC machining parts The machining quality mainly is refers to the work piece the processing precision and the surface quality (including surface roughness, residual stress and superficial hardening).Along with the technical progress, the machining quality enhances unceasingly.The 18th century later periods, the machining precision counts by the millimeter; At the beginning of 20th century, machining precision Gao Yida 0.01 millimeter; To the 50's, the machining precision has reached a micron level; The 70's, the machining precision enhances to 0.1 micron.

The influence machining quality primary factor has aspects and so on engine bed, cutting tool, jig, work piece semifinished materials, technique and processing environment.Must improve the machining quality, must take the suitable measure to the above various aspects, like reduces the engine bed work error, selects the cutting tool correctly, improves the semifinished materials quality, the reasonable arrangement craft, the improvement environmental condition and so on.

Precision CNC machining parts Enhances the cutting specifications to enhance the material excision rate, is enhances the machining efficiency the essential way.The commonly used highly effective machining method has the high-speed cutting, the force cutting, the plasma arc heating cuts and vibrates the cutting and so on.

The grinding speed is called the high-speed grinding in 45 meters/second above es the high-speed cutting (or grinding) both may enhance the efficiency, and may reduce the surface roughness.The high-speed cutting (or grinding) requests the engine bed to have the high speed, the high rigidity, the high efficiency and the vibration-proof good craft system; Requests the cutting tool to have the reasonable geometry parameter and the convenience tight way, but also must consider the safe reliable chip breaking method.

Precision CNC machining parts The force cutting refers to the roughing feed or cuts the deep machining greatly, uses in the turning and the grinding generally.The force turning main characteristic is the lathe tool besides the main cutting edge, but also some is parallel in the work piece has processed superficial the vice-cutting edge simultaneously to participate in the cutting, therefore may enhance to feed quantity compared to the general turning several times of even several http://www.wendangku.net/doc/90cc2c195ef7ba0d4b733b53.html pares with the high-speed cutting, the force cutting cutting temperature is low, the cutting tool life is long, the cutting efficiency is high; The shortcoming is processes the surface to be rough.When force cutting, the radial direction cutting force death of a parent is not suitable for to process the tall and slender work piece very much.

The vibration cutting is along the cutting tool direction of feed, the attachment low frequency or the high frequency vibration machining, may enhance the cutting efficiency.The low frequency vibration cutting has the very good chip breaking effect, but does not use the chip breaking equipment, makes the knife edge intensity to increase, time the cutting total power dissipation compared to has the chip breaking installment ordinary cutting to reduce about 40%.The high frequency vibration cutting also called the ultrasonic wave vibration cutting, is helpful in reduces between the cutting tool and the work piece friction, reduces the cutting temperature, reduces the cutting tool the coherence attrition, thus the enhancement cutting efficiency and the processing surface quality, the cutting tool life may enhance 40% approximately.

To lumber, plastic, rubber, glass, marble, granite and so on nonmetallic material machining, although is similar with the metal material cutting, but uses the cutting tool, the equipment and the cutting specifications and so on has the characteristic respectively.

The lumber product machining mainly carries in each kind of joiner's bench, its method mainly has: The saw cuts, digs cuts, the turning, the milling, drills truncates with the polishing and so on.

The plastic rigidity is worse than the metal, the easy bending strain, the thermoplastic thermal conductivity to be in particular bad, easy to elevate temperature the conditioning.When cutting plastic, suitably with the high-speed steel or the hard alloy tools, selects the small to feed quantity and the high cutting speed, and uses compressed air cooling.If the cutting tool is sharp, the angle is appropriate, may produce the belt-shaped scrap, easy to carry off the quantity of heat.

Glass (including semiconducting material and so on germanium, silicon) but degree of hardness high brittleness is big.To methods and so on glass machining commonly used cutting, drill hole, attrition and polishing.To thickness in three millimeters following glass plates, the simple cutting method is with the diamond or other hard materials, in glass surface manual scoring, the use scratch place stress concentration, then uses the hand to break off.

To the marble, the granite and the concrete and so on the hard material processing, mainly uses methods and so on cutting, turning, drill hole, shaping, attrition and polishing.When cutting the available circular saw blade adds the grinding compound and the water; The outer annulus and the end surface may use the negative rake the hard alloy lathe tool, by 10~30 meter/minute cutting speed turning; Drills a hole the available hard alloy drill bit; The big stone material plane available hard alloy planing tool or rolls cuts planing tool shaping; The precise smooth surface, available three mutually for the datum to the method which grinds, or the grinding and the polishing method obtains.

Cutting tool in hot strong alloy application

The aviation processing also changes rapidly. For example, nickel base heat-resisting alloy like several years ago the most people had not heard Rene88 now occupies to the aircraft engine manufacture uses the total metal quantity 10~25%. Has very good showing and the commercial reason regarding this. For example, these heat strong alloy will be able to increase the engine endurance moreover to permit the small engine work on the big airplane, that will enhance the combustion efficiency and reduces the operation cost. These tough good materials also present the expense on the cutting tool. Their thermal stability causes on the knife point the temperature to be higher, thus reduced the cutting tool life. Similarly, in these alloy carbide pellet remarkably increased the friction, thus reduces the cutting tool life.

As a result of changes in these conditions, can be very pleased to have processed many titanium alloys and nickel-based alloy materials C-2 hard metal alloys, in the application to today's cutting edge of blade to the crushing and cutting depth of the trench lines badly worn. But using the latest high-temperature processing of small particles hard metal alloys to be effective, cutlery life improved, but more importantly to enhance the reliability of applications in high-temperature alloys. Small particles hard metal than traditional hard metal materials higher compression strength and hardness, only a small increase in the resilience of the cost. And resulted in high temperature alloy processing than traditional hard metal resistance common failure mode more effective.

PVD (physical gas phase deposition) coating also by certificate effective processing heat-resisting alloy. TiN (titanium nitrides) the PVD coating was uses and still was most early most receives welcome. Recently, TiAlN (nitrogen calorization titanium) and TiCN (carbon titanium nitrides) the coating also could very good use. In the past the TiAlN coating application scope and TiN compared the limit to be more. But after the cutting speed enhances them is a very good choice, enhances the productivity in these applications to reach 40%. On the other hand, is decided under the low cutting speed in coating superficial operating mode TiAlN can cause to accumulate the filings lump afterwards, micro collapses with the trench attrition.

Recently, used in the heat-resisting alloy application material quality already developing, these coating but became by several combinations. The massive laboratories and the scene test has already proven this kind of combination and other any kind of sole coating compares in time the very wide scope application is very effective. Therefore aims at the heat-resisting alloy application the PVD compound coating possibly to become the focal point which the hard alloy new material quality research and development continues. With the MTCVD coating, the coating ceramics gather in the same place, they hopefully become a more effective processing to research and develop newly are more difficult to process the work piece material the main impact strength.

Dry processing

Including the refrigerant question is technical and the commercial expansion industrial production tendency another domain which the cutting tool makes. North America and the European strict refrigerant management request and the biggest three automobile manufacturer forces them the core supplier to obtain the ISO14000 authentication (the ISO9000 environment management edition), this causes the refrigerant processing cost rise. To the car company and their core supplier said obviously one of responses which welcome is in the specific processing application avoids completely the refrigerant the use. This kind did the processing the new world to propose a series of challenges for the cutting tool supplier.

Recently, already appeared some to concern this topic to promulgate the speed, to enter for, the coating chemical composition and other parameters very substantial comprehensive nature very strong useful technical papers. Wants to concentrate the elaboration in here me "does the processing viewpoint" in the operation and commercial meaning automobile manufacturer new.

The metal working jobholders can the very good understanding related refrigerant use question, but majority cannot understand concerns except the technical challenge (for example row of filings) beside does the processing question in the cutting tool - work piece contact face between. Usually may observe to the refrigerant disperser scrap which flows out, but the pressure surpasses 3,000 pounds/An inch 2 high speed refrigerant also can help to break the filings, specially soft also the continual scrap can cause in the cutting tool - work piece contact face trouble.

Uses does the cutting craft the components result is the engine bed uses the wet type processing components to be hotter than. Whether before you do allow them to survey in the open-air natural cooling? If processes newly the hot components put frequently to the turnover box, elevates the environment temperature, whether components full cooling and just right enough permission precision examination? Also has the handling side several dozens on hundred components to be able to operate the worker to increase the extra burden.

With many cutting tools/The work piece technical question same place, these latent questions need to state whether dryly adds the ability line. Luckily, has very many ways to elaborate these questions. For example, the compressed air was proven row of filings becomes the question in very many applications the situation to have the successful echo.

Another plan is called MQL (minimum lubrication) a technology, it replaces the traditional refrigerant by the application the quite few oil mists constitution. This is a recognition compromise plan, this kind of minimum technology can large scale reduce the refrigerant the headache matter, moreover the smooth finish which processes in many applications very is also good. This domain still had very many research to do, moreover the cutting tool company positively participated in such research was absolutely essential. If they will not do fall behind the competitor, will be at the disadvantageous position.

In the factory the special details design other perhaps better plan according to the world in. The manufacturing industry jobholders possibly still could ask why they do have to use recent development the technology to replace the refrigerant method diligently which the tradition already an experience number generation of person improved enhances, because implemented especially does the experiment and the defeat which the processing or the subarid processing produced possibly causes the higher short-term cutting tool cost. The concise answer is when the bit probably accounts for the model processing components cost 3%, the refrigerant cost (from purchases to maintenance, storage, processing) can account for the components cost 15%.

Perhaps does the dry processing is not all suits to each application, but above discusses likely other processing questions are same, needs from a wider operation, the environment and the commercial angle appraises. Will be able to help the cutting tool company which the customer will do this to have the competitive advantage, but these will not be able to provide unceasingly is in the passive position.

Cutting tool and nanotechnology

Can fiercely change the cutting tool industry the enchanting new domain is the miniature manufacture, or the processing small granule forms the product which needs. Must refer to is its here does not have about the cutting tool miniature manufacture first matter; Second must say the matter is it is not remote.

Why the miniature manufacture and are the cutting tool related. Because most main is the particle size smaller, the hard alloy toughness of material better also is more wear-resisting. (Some experts define with the nanometer level pellet for are smaller than 0.2 mu m, but other people persisted a nanometer pellet had to be smaller than the hard alloy tools prototype which 0.1 mu m) made already to complete and the test,It is said that wear resistant theatrically increase. The question is the nanometer level hard alloy pellet cannot depend on the smashing big material formation, they are certain through the smaller material constitution, but processes the molecular level granule is not easy and the economical matter.

  

The formed cutting tool

The formed cutting tool

Precision CNC machining parts When machining, the work piece has processed the surface is depends upon the cutting tool and the work piece makes the relative motion to obtain.According to the surface method of formation, the machining may divide into the knife point path law, the formed cutting tool law, the generating process three kinds.

The knife point path law is depends upon the knife point to be opposite in the work piece surface path, obtains the superficial geometry shape which the work piece requests, like the turning outer annulus, the shaping plane, the grinding outer annulus, with the profile turning forming surface and so on, the knife point path are decided the cutting tool and the work piece relative motion which provides in the engine bed;

Precision CNCmachining parts The formed cutting tool law abbreviation forming, is with the formed cutting tool which matches with the work piece final superficial outline, or the formed grinding wheel and so on processes the formed surface, like formed turning, formed milling and form grinding and so on, because forms the cutting tool the manufacture quite to be difficult, therefore only uses in processing the short formed surface generally;

Precision CNCmachining parts The generating process name rolls cuts method, is when the processing the cutting tool and the work piece do unfold the movement relatively, the cutting tool and the work piece centrode make the pure trundle mutually, between both maintains the definite transmission ratio relations, obtains the processing surface is the knife edge in this kind of movement envelope, in the gear processing rolls the tooth, the gear shaping, the shaving, the top horizontal jade piece tooth and rubs the tooth and so on to be the generating process processing.Some machining has at the same time the knife point path law and the formed cutting tool method characteristic, like thread turning.

  

The chemical stability

The chemical stability

Precision metal parts The chemical stability becomes an important performance performance dividing line compared to the resistance to wear the factor, the speed and the temperature is decided in is processed the modular cast iron the crystal grain structure and the performance. But usually thick coating of TiCN and TiC or only ductile iron oxides in the soil coating is applied to, because the today majority of this kinds are processed the material the cutting speed in each minute 150 to 335 meters between. Is higher than each minute 300 meter applications regarding the speed, the people to this kind of material are satisfied.

Precision metal parts In order to cause this scope performance to be most superior, the mountain high researched and developed and has promoted in view of modular cast iron processing material quality TX150. This kind of material quality has hard also the anti- distortion substrate, is very ideal regarding the processing modular cast iron. Its coating the oxide compound coating which hollowly wears by thick very wear-resisting carbon titanium nitrides and a thin anti- crescent moon, the top is thin layer TiN. This kind of coating which needs the center warm chemistry gas phase deposition using the state of the art production resistance to wear and the anti- crescent moon hollow attrition which the CVD coating complete degree of hardness moreover the tough smoothness increases (MTCVD) the craft. Substrate/The coating combination performance gives the very high anti- plastic deformation and the cutting edge micro collapses the ability, causes it to become under the normal speed to process the modular cast iron the ideal material quality.

Precision metal parts The coating ceramics also display can effectively process the modular cast iron. In the past, the aluminum oxide ceramics application which not the coating tough good such as nitriding silicon and the silicon carbide textile fiber strengthened the work piece material chemistry paralysis limit. Today but could resist the scrap distortion process through the use to have the high thermal coating cutting tool life already remarkably to increase. But certain early this domains work piece processing use aluminum oxides spread the layer crystals to have to strengthen the ceramics, today most research concentrate in the TiN coating nitriding silicon. This kind of coating can remarkably open up the tough good ceramics the application scope. 

The new concept of cutting processing

The new concept of cutting processing

The nowadays cutting tool company cannot only be again the manufacture and the sales cutting tool, in order to succeed, Precision CNC machining parts  they must be consistent with the globalization manufacture tendency maintenance, through enhances the efficiency, cooperates with the customer reduces the cost. Approaches the instantaneous global competition after this after NAFTA, the WTO time, the world company is making quickly to the same feeling, is lighter, a cheaper response. In other words, they make the product and the components contain can in high speed under revolve, as a result of the cost pressure, best, is lighter moreover must make cheaply. Obtains these goals a best way is through develops and applies the new material, but these is new and the improvement material usually all with difficulty processes. In in this kind of commercial power and the technical difficulty combination is especially prominent in the automobile and the aviation industry, and has become has the experience the cutting tool company to research and develop the department the most important driving influence.

For example, takes the modular cast iron to say that, it has become the engine part and other automobiles, the agriculture the material which see day by day with the equipment and in the machine tool industry components. Precision CNC machining parts This kind of alloy provides the low production cost and the good machine capability combination. They are cheaper than the steel products, but has a higher intensity and toughness compared to the cast iron. But at the same time the modular cast iron is extremely wear-resisting, has fast breaks by rubbing the cutting tool material the tendency. In this wear resistant very great degree bead luminous body content influence. Some known modular cast iron bead luminous body content higher, its resistance to wear better, moreover its machinability is worse. Moreover, the modular cast iron porosity causes off and on to cut, this even more reduces the life.

May estimate that, PrecisionCNC machining parts the high degree of hardness and the high wear-resisting cutting material quality must consider the modular cast iron the high resistance to wear. And the material quality contains extremely hard TiC in fact (carbonized titanium) or TiCN (carbon titanium nitrides) thick coating when cutting speed each minute 300 meters processes the modular cast iron to prove usually is effective. But along with cutting speed increase, scrap/The cutting tool junction

 plane temperature also is increasing. When has such situation, the TiC coating favors in has the chemical reaction with the iron and softens, more pressures function in anti- crescent moon hollow attrition coating. Under these conditions, hoped has one chemical stability better coating, like Al2O3 (although under low speed was inferior to TiC hard or is wear-resisting).

  

The integration of advanced manufacturing technology

The integration of advanced manufacturing technology 

    Precision CNC machining parts Traditional manufacturing technology, professional single independent and distinct boundaries between them; advanced manufacturing technology, professional and interdisciplinary due to the continuous infiltration, cross, integration, boundaries gradually fade or even disappear, technology tends to systematic, integrated, has developed into a set of machinery, electronics, information, materials and management techniques for the integration of a new cross-disciplinary. So you can call it a "manufacturing engineering." 

Advanced manufacturing technology, the systemic

  Traditional manufacturing techniques generally only control the production process of material flow and energy flow.    Precision CNC machining parts With the micro-electronics, information technology, the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology so that information can also control generation, collection, transmission, feedback, adjust the flow of information. Advanced manufacturing technology is capable of taming the production process of  material flow, energy flow and information flow system engineering.

  An advanced manufacturing technology, often generated systematically, taking into account the entire manufacturing processes, such as concurrent engineering is the integration, the concurrent design of products and their components and related processes in a systematic way. This approach requires product development staff and other personnel all work together, beginning on the considerations in the design of products throughout their life cycle, from conception to product scrap and all other factors, including quality, cost, schedule and user requirements. An advanced manufacturing mode in addition to considering product design, manufacturing, the entire process, but also the need to better take into account the entire manufacturing  organization.  

   Precision CNC machining parts   advanced manufacturing technology, to emphasize that to achieve high-quality,  high efficiency, low consumption, clean, flexible manufacturing   Of advanced manufacturing technology is the core of high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption, cleaning and other basic manufacturing technology, it is from the traditional manufacturing process developed, and with the new technology to achieve the local or system integration, and its important features is to achieve high-quality, high efficiency , low consumption, clean, flexible production. This means that the pursuit of advanced manufacturing technology addition to the usual high-quality, high efficiency, but also for the 21st century, humanity faces the limited resources and the growing challenges of environmental pressure and achieve sustainable development  requires us to achieve low energy consumption, clean. In addition, advanced manufacturing technology will have to face humanity in the 21st century the

challenge of change in consumer attitudes to meet the increasingly "critical" market  demand, to achieve flexible production.

   advanced manufacturing technology, the ultimate aim is to enhance the dynamic  changing market adaptability and competitiveness of

  In order to ensure continued and steady production and cost-effective improvement of market changes can make more agile response, as well as the pursuit of the best technical efficiency and improve the competitiveness of enterprises, advanced manufacturing technology, manufacturing technology is more than the traditional emphasis on technology and The combination of management, more emphasis on manufacturing process organization and management system to simplify and rationalize, resulting in a series of advanced manufacturing model. As the world free  trade system to further improve, and the global transportation system and communication networks, the establishment of the manufacturing sector will form a pattern of globalization and integration of new advanced manufacturing technology  will also globalization model.

   

The widespread application of advanced manufacturing technology

The widespread application of advanced manufacturing technology,  

Precision CNC machining parts Advanced manufacturing technology is relatively conventional manufacturing techniques in the application scope of a major difference is that traditional manufacturing techniques are usually only refers to a variety of raw materials into finished products processing technology, and advanced manufacturing technology, although still a large number of application processing and assembly processes, However, because of its composition including the design technology, automation 

technology, systems management technology, which will be applied to its consolidated the whole process of manufacturing, covering product design, production preparation, processing and assembly, sale use, maintenance services and even the recycling of the the whole process. 

  The dynamic characteristics of advanced manufacturing technol

 Precision CNC machining parts  As advanced manufacturing technology itself is the target for a certain application, absorbing a variety of high-tech gradually formed, the continuous development of new technologies, and therefore its meaning is not absolute and immutable. Is reflected in the different periods, advanced manufacturing technology has its own characteristics; also reflected in the different countries and regions, advanced manufacturing technology has its own focus on the development objectives and content, by focusing on the development of content in order to achieve the national  and regional manufacturing technology by leaps and bounds. 

  The integration of advanced manufacturing technology    

Precision CNC machining parts Traditional manufacturing technology, professional single independent and distinct boundaries between them; advanced manufacturing technology, professional and interdisciplinary due to the continuous infiltration, cross, integration, boundaries gradually fade or even disappear, technology tends to systematic, integrated, has developed into a set of machinery, electronics, information, materials and management techniques for the integration of a new cross-disciplinary. So you can call it a "manufacturing engineering."

   

Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Advanced Manufacturing Technology

    

Precision CNC machining parts With the needs of the community personalized, diversified development, production scale along the low-volume - large quantities - more varieties of varying

quantities of direction, as well as computer-based form of hi-tech and the introduction

of modern management techniques, penetration and melting constantly changing the

face of traditional manufacturing technology and content, creating advanced  manufacturing technology.

  The connotation of advanced manufacturing technology

Precision CNC machining parts Of advanced manufacturing technology currently not yet a clear and agreed definition, through the development of advanced manufacturing technology in recent years, the work carried out through analysis of their characteristics can be considered: advanced manufacturing technology is constantly absorbing information technology industry and the results of modern management techniques and to apply its comprehensive product design, processing, testing, management, sales, use, service and the recovery of the whole process of manufacture in order to achieve high-quality, high efficiency, low consumption, clean, flexible production, increase dynamic changing market adaptability and competitiveness of the manufacturing technology of the general. 

 2. The characteristics of advanced manufacturing technology 

 (1) The availability of advanced manufacturing technology 

 Precision CNC machining parts  Advanced manufacturing technology the most important features is that it is above all a for industrial applications, has a strong practical new technologies. From advanced manufacturing technology development process used in manufacturing from the scope of the whole process, in particular, is to achieve the objectives and results, all reflect this is a used in manufacturing, the manufacturing industry, the development of the  national economy can play an important role in practical technology. The development of advanced manufacturing technology is often targeted to a specific industry (such as automotive manufacturing, electronics industry) and developed with  the needs of advanced manufacturing technology application, there is a clear demand-oriented features; advanced manufacturing technology is not in pursuit of technical The high-tech for the purpose, but rather focused on the generation effect of best practices to improve efficiency, to improve the competitiveness of enterprises and  the promotion of national economic growth and overall strength as the goal.

  

Robot's adhibition 2

    Robot's adhibition 2

Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, ,Precision CNC machining parts it can be a fixed program draws ﹑ handling objects or perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace the people engaged in monotonous ﹑ repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completion of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according to fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping ﹑ support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pneumatic ﹑ electrical device drivers.

  Precision CNC machining parts  Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable ﹑ rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robots are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.

 ,Precision CNC machining parts Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixed procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors.

  Mechanical hand tools or other equipment commonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cuttingtools in machining centers, etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manipulation by humans; such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand. 

 Precision CNC machining partsManipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or tool) components, according to grasping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and  adsorption-based care such as holding. Sports organizations, so that the completion of a variety of hand rotation (swing), mobile or compound movements to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and posture. Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation. Robot can replace humans completed the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity. Manipulator has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more

commonly used. At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important component of the FMC. The machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable. When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market competition. At present, China's industrial robot technology and its engineering application level and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very necessary. Therefore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.

  

Precision CNC machining parts

Robot's adhibition

  Robot's adhibition

Precision CNC machining parts Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work and labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many sectors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:

(1) Precision CNC machining parts Machining the work piece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combination machine tool use is more common.

(2) In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and components.

(3) The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working environment to replace human labor.

 (4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling, dangerous goods and hazardous materials removal and so on.

(5) Universe and ocean development.

 (6) Precision CNC machining parts military engineering and biomedical research and testing. Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving technology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard design of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases.

Robot'S Main features

Robot'S Main features:

   First,  precision turned parts mechanical hand (the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stacking robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer, etc.). Second cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, etc.)

  Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam crane) machinery,

 Four, industrial machinery, precision turned parts application of hand Manipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new type of device.

 In recent years, precision turned parts as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation

  

Mechanical hand classification and characteristics

  Mechanical hand classification and characteristics

 Robots are generally divided into three categories:

 Precision CNC machining parts The  first is the general machinery does not require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device.

 It can be programmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence ternary machinery.

  Precision CNC machining partsThe second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a particular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines such as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category.

   Precision CNC machining partsThe third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the work piece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the "Mechanical Hand", which is the host of services, from the host-driven; exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and therefore special